Letter to the Editor
The procoagulant effects of fine particulate matter in vivo
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* Corresponding authors: Evren Kilinç e.kilinc@maastrichtuniversity.nl - Holger Schulz schulz@helmholtz-muenchen.de
- † Equal contributors
1 Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, UNS 50: Box 8, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
2 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
3 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
4 Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
5 Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
6 Focus Network Nanoparticles and Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
7 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, Bridge Side Point; 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, 15219 PA, USA
Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2011, 8:12 doi:10.1186/1743-8977-8-12
Published: 15 March 2011Abstract
Inhalation of fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm; fine PM) has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular events. In this letter, we reappraise the role of tissue factor (TF) antigen and we also summarize changes in measured coagulation proteins in humans and rodents by other studies with fine PM. By considering all studies including ours, we conclude that monitoring the overall coagulation state by measuring capacity assays such as thrombin generation, and quantification of TF activity would be more suitable than determining single coagulation proteins (such as TF antigen) in order to better assess the systemic prothrombotic effects of fine PM.